![]() The MC emulsification technique is more effective than the use of conventional devices. Compared with conventional emulsification, microfluidic techniques, such as membrane emulsification and microchannel (MC) emulsification, have been developed that can produce monodisperse emulsions, which can control the properties of emulsions, especially their stability ( 4, 5). ![]() These techniques have disadvantages, such as heat generation due to shear forces, the production of emulsion droplets with polydispersity, lower emulsion stability, and lower encapsulation efficiencies ( 1– 3). This study provides a basis for the formulation of monodisperse and stable natural emulsion systems.Ĭurrently, food emulsions are mainly prepared using high-pressure homogenizers, microfluidizers, colloid mills, various rotor-stator homogenizers, and ultrasonic techniques. These results indicate that WPI-SC is a potential stabilizer for MC emulsion requirements. WPI-SC-stabilized emulsions were more resistant to high temperatures (70–90☌) and exhibited excellent stabilization than those stabilized by WPI and SC, which was attributed to the more sufficient coverage provided by the two types of protein emulsifier layers and better protein adsorption at the oil-water interface. The emulsions stabilized by the two types of proteins and mixed emulsifiers had better stability under high salt concentrations than the synthetic emulsifier Tween 20. The droplet size and ξ-potential of the MC emulsions stabilized by mixed protein emulsifiers were higher than those of the emulsions stabilized by WPI or SC separately. Analysis of the microstructure and droplet size distribution revealed that the WPI-, SC-, and mixed protein-stabilized emulsions exhibited uniform droplet distribution. The influences of temperature, pH, ionic strength, and storage time on the microstructure and stability of the emulsions were examined. In this study, monodisperse emulsions stabilized by combining two natural protein emulsifiers, i.e., whey protein isolate (WPI) and sodium caseinate (SC), in different proportions were prepared using microchannel (MC) emulsification. 4Alliance for Research on Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, JapanĪlthough natural emulsifiers often have many drawbacks when used alone, their emulsifying ability and stability can usually be improved unexpectedly when used in combination.3Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.2College of Food and Biological Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China.1Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.These unprecedented water-in-DES microemulsions may have far reaching implications due to their benign nature.Yan Jiao 1,2 Yuntai Zhao 1 Ying Chang 2 Zhaoxiang Ma 1,3 Isao Kobayashi 1 Mitsutoshi Nakajima 1,4 * Marcos A. ![]() Dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurement suggests average aggregate sizes to be in the range of 72(±4) to 122(☗) nm. The UV-vis absorbance of Co II further corroborates TX-100-assisted water pool formation within TBAC-DA via the appearance of the band that is assigned to the response of the probe in water. The formation of the microemulsions is established by using fluorescence probe pyranine, which exhibited the appearance of a band characterizing the un-protonated form of the probe clearly implying onset of water-in-TBAC-DA microemulsion formation. ![]() It is observed that in the presence of a common and popular non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100 (TX-100), water pools are formed within TBAC-DA under ambient conditions with maximum water loading ( w 0 = /) of 60 ± 3 for = 300 mM. These novel assemblies are formed using a hydrophobic DES constituted of n-decanoic acid (DA) and tetra- n-butylammonium chloride (TBAC) in 2 : 1 mole ratio, termed TBAC-DA, as the bulk oil phase. Evidence of formation of water-in-DES microemulsions is presented. Conventional water-in-oil microemulsions are formed using mostly environmentally unfavorable toxic organic solvents as the bulk oil phase. Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as neoteric, non-toxic, and inexpensive media have the potential to replace organic solvents in various aggregation processes. ![]()
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